Why homemade frys are not crispy as restaurant ones ??

 Reason is  "  Restaurants almost always fry their potatoes twice at two entirely different temperatures   " !!!

To prepare FRENCH FRYS, we use raw potatoes.

Then,

 WATER , STARCH  AND HEAT CONTROL 

1.  Water is the enemy of crispiness 

                     Potatoes are 80% water. In restaurants,  they cut potatoes    soak then blanch them.

                     That removes surface starch and drives out moisture before frying. If we skip this, water streams inside the oil and we end up in soggy frys  !!!

2.  Starch management 

                      Restaurants often do DOUBLE FRY.

                      First fry at low temperature, cooks the inside of potato.  

                     After cooling, the second fry at high temperature, dehydrates the surface fast and makes it shatter crisp.

3.  Equipment and oil

                      In restaurants, they use deep fryers with massive oil volume and precise temperature control.

                      In home, it is difficult to maintain precise temperature and we END UP WITH SOGGY FRYS   !!!!

Why is Venus hotter than Mercury ??

  Planet Mercury is closest to Sun than planet Venus.

But, Venus is hotter than Mercury  !!!

This is because of 3 reasons   ----

1.  Venus has a super thick atmosphere 

                   Venus is wrapped in a very thick atmosphere.  Its 96% CO2 !!!

CO2 traps heat. Sunlight gets in but can't escape back out.

                   Mercury barely has an atmosphere. Heat just radiates back into space.

2.  Mercury swimgs widely, Venus doesn't 

                      Mercury has no air to spread the heat around.

                     Venus thick CO2 spreads heat everywhere. No cold nights.  Day and night both are hot.

3.  Venus has bright clouds that bounce 70% of sunlight away. So Venus gets less direct sunlight than Mercury !!!

But the heat which gets in, get trapped by CO2 and never leaves making Venus hottest planet in solar system.

Why ocean animals are big in size ??

 It comes down to physics, food and other limits.

1.  Water supports weight

                    On land , we have gravity.  An animal's skeleton and muscles have to hold it up 24*7 against gravity.

                      But in water, buoyancy cancels most of this out.

                      A blue whale weighs 200 tons, but in water it feels almost weightless   !!!

                       This allows sea animals to grow bigger without breaking their bones.

2.  More food, more space

                     In oceans, there is huge uninterrupted food chains. There is nothing to stop a predator from roaming to find it.

3.  Heat management is easier 

                      Big bodies heat up and cool down slowly. In water, heat dissipate faster .

                       So giant marine animals don't overheat  !!!

4.  Less predation pressure 

                        In open ocean, size itself is the best defense.  For big marine animals, there is nothing that can kill them !!!

Why salt and pepper are widely used to season food ???

  Salt and pepper are the standard foundation of seasoning.

They work together to chemically enhance anf physically transform the taste and aroma of food.

People often lump them together !!!!

But they serve completely different at molecular level.

 

CULINARY SCIENCE OF SALT

Salt is not technically a spice !!!

It is an essential mineral required for human survival. 

Salt enhances the flavor which are already present in the food.  Salt

1.  Suppessees bitterness 

2.  Amplifies sweetness.

3.  Salt draws out moisture from food.

4.  Salt softens the rigid cell wall of vegetables.

CULINARY SCIENCE OF PEPPER 

Unlike salt, black pepper is a spice that adds entirely new taste and sensation to dish.

Pepper gives   -----

1.  Layered flavour experience.

2.  It releases complex aromas.

The reason these two specific seasonings sit on dining table is largely due to French royal court cuisine which is the global standard for fine dining.

Which is the only country to cover all the food groups ???

 This is the only country that could feed its entire population healthy balanced diet.

It is fully self sufficient in all the food groups !!!

The 7 essential food groups are   ------

1.   Fruits 

2.  Vegetables 

3.  Grains 

4.  Legumes, nuts and seeds

5.  Dairy 

6.  Meat

7.  Fish

This country is the " global outlier ".

Reasons are abundant natural resources, low population density and strategic investment.

Country              GUYANA    !!!!